# Reference: Capabilities (what ChainRender can do, and how) Every capability an app can use, with the mechanism, the arguments, the trust grade it earns and when to reach for it. This is the same capability pack the visual builder gives its AI, from the same file (`ai/capability-pack.json`), so an AI reading this page and the builder's AI see identical guidance. Two companion pages are exact by construction: **[All Resolver Kinds](./resolver-kinds.md)** (every kind's arguments and encoding, and where its contract is deployed) and **[Deployed Addresses](./addresses.md)** (every address, per chain). Take arguments and addresses from those pages, never from an example below. ## Workflow - TARGET: the builder tells you to produce a component | miniapp | standalone (see outputTargets). Structure your output to match. If not told, infer from complexity; default to component. - Compose a Node tree using ONLY the nodeTypes below. - For live data, use a slot/image with a resolver 'bind' from resolverKinds. - For user actions (write/mint/claim), use a button with a declared action {to, sig, value?, args}. - Keep it Grade A: on-chain reads + on-chain art, no off-chain fetch. Rich media (p5/three) is ⚙, honestly labeled. - The output is graded + validated + compiled by ChainRender — you don't need to be trusted, your output is checked. ## Node types | Type | What it is | |---|---| | `box` | container; direction row\|column; holds children; the layout primitive. Layout/spacing/surface style tokens are client 0.20 Enhanced mode (VERSION_5): its interpreter is deployed, but the viewer does not style them yet (docs/202 phase 3), so do not use them. | | `text` | text/heading/status/label/note (role attr); the content primitive | | `button` | a clickable that carries a declared action (or is inert); NEVER arbitrary code | | `input` | a form field (text/number); its value feeds action args via $name | | `icon` | a named on-chain icon glyph | | `link` | an anchor (href) | | `slot` | binds live on-chain DATA via a resolver (renders a value/region) | | `image` | binds on-chain MEDIA/art via a resolver (renders SVG/data-URI) | | `ref` | references another registered component by hash (composition) | ## Capability bits (declare what the app does) | Bit | When to declare it | |---|---| | `READ_CHAIN` | the universal baseline; any on-chain read. Grade A. | | `WRITE_CHAIN` | declare when the app has a state-changing action (button that writes). | | `TRANSFER_VALUE` | declare when an action carries ETH value (e.g. payable mint). Value-smuggle is refused if undeclared. | | `SIGN_MESSAGE` | declare for EIP-712 typed signing. | | `BATCH_EXECUTE` | declare for batched actions (one signature, N gated calls). | | `CLIENT_FETCH` | declare for an off-chain fetch (drops grade to C unless it's a fail-closed enhancement over a floor). | | `GPU_EXECUTE` | declare for GPU/rich-media enhancement (SDF ray-march, p5/three) — must have an on-chain poster floor. | ## Output targets The builder tells you WHICH target to produce (a user choice). Structure your output to match it. If unspecified, infer from complexity: a single piece → component; a self-contained embeddable widget → mini-app; a multi-screen app with navigation → standalone. Default to 'component' when ambiguous. | Target | What | Produce | Compiled by | Use when | |---|---|---|---|---| | `component` | A single reusable node tree — one registered component, one content hash. | Return ONE Node tree (a box with children). No views, no composition. | compileComponent(tree) → { hash, hex } | a card, a chart, a mint widget, a profile badge — a piece meant to stand alone or be embedded/referenced elsewhere. | | `miniapp` | A composition: a scene/shell + N placed components in a declared arrangement. Forkable, embeddable, capability envelope = UNION of placed components. | Return an array of component trees + an arrangement (which component goes where). Each component is compiled, then combined via buildComposition. | buildComposition({ components, arrangement }) → forkable manifest | a self-contained widget others can fork or place — a Farcaster frame, an embeddable dashboard, a composed studio. Smaller than a full app, more than one component. | | `standalone` | A full app: multiple VIEWS with in-app navigation + its own capability envelope + (optional) a persistent shell. | Return an array of view trees (each a Node tree) + the nav type (tabs/wizard/master-detail/modal) + an optional shell. Each view compiles to a hash; combine with buildTabs/buildWizard/buildMasterDetail/buildModal. | buildTabs([viewHashes], {shell}) (or buildWizard/buildMasterDetail/buildModal) → app root hash | a multi-screen app — Mint/Gallery/My-NFTs; Quote/Venues/Route; a wizard flow. The flagship pattern. | ## Capabilities by category 72 capabilities in 25 categories: Data / live reads (12) · Identity / ENS (7) · Privacy / credentials (2) · Privacy / attestation (1) · Visual / on-chain art (6) · Visual / rich media (1) · Visual / effects (2) · Visual / media (1) · Charts (1) · Structure / UI (5) · Actions / write (3) · Actions / sign (1) · Actions / verify (1) · Composition (3) · Presentation / theming (1) · Naming / ENS subnames (2) · Naming / versioning (1) · Trust (1) · DeFi / positions & trade (7) · RWA / compliance (3) · Reputation / social (4) · DeFi / intent & programmatic orders (3) · RWA / tokenized vaults (2) · Multiplayer / games (1) · Backend / app contract (1) ### Data / live reads #### Chainlink price | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'oracle-feed' | | **Arguments** | feed:address, fracDigits:uint8, maxStaleSeconds:uint256 | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | show a live token price from a Chainlink feed; stale feeds are badged, never faked | | **Example** | slot bind=oracle-feed arg=encode(feedAddr, 4, 3600) | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### Chainlink history chart | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind "chart" with argValues {feed, points, chartType, title, decimals}; the builder fills ChartSlotAdapter + ChainlinkChartSource (chart.chainlinkHistoryChartArgs) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a live price-history line chart driven by a Chainlink feed's on-chain rounds | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### Uniswap V3 price | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind via UniswapV3PriceResolver | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | live spot/TWAP price from a Uniswap V3 pool | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### Aave reserve | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot via AaveReserveResolver | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | live lending-pool rate/reserve data | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### ERC-20 balance | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot via Erc20BalanceResolver | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a wallet's token balance, formatted with the token's own decimals | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### The viewer's own wallet (balance, token balance, ENS name, identicon) | | | |---|---| | **How** | a client slot whose account arg is "$viewer": { "type": "slot", "bind": "erc20balance", "argValues": { "token": "0x…", "account": "$viewer" } } (identicon / gidenticon on an image node). Leave out resolver and arg. | | **Arguments** | balance / balanceWei {account}, erc20balance / erc20balanceRaw {token, account}, ensName {who}, identicon / gidenticon {account} — the account arg is "$viewer" | | **Grade** | ⚙ above the floor: the on-chain render shows the fallback text to everyone; a ChainRender viewer fills it with this chain's own resolver only after the person chooses to show their data in this app | | **Use when** | show the connected person their own balance, token balance, primary ENS name or identicon. Not for anything that decides what the app shows or does: "$viewer" never goes into an action, a signature or a condition. No other kind can read it (no portfolio total). | | **See** | [guides/viewer-reads](../guides/viewer-reads.md) | #### Transfer history (client-side, from logs) | | | |---|---| | **How** | a client slot bound to "transfers": { "type": "slot", "bind": "transfers", "argValues": { "kind": "token-transfers", "account": "$viewer", "token": "0x…", "blocks": "5000", "limit": "20" } } | | **Arguments** | kind (token-transfers, erc20-transfers, nft-transfers, native-transfers), account ("$viewer" or an address) and/or token (an address), blocks 1..45000 (default 5000), limit 1..50 (default 20) | | **Grade** | ⚙ above the floor: the viewer reads the chain's logs (paged eth_getLogs) and states the block window it read; zero-value and dust transfers are hidden and counted, look-alike addresses are flagged, tokens the app did not name are marked unverified | | **Use when** | recent transfers for the viewer (needs their choice to show their data) or for a fixed address or token. Say next to it that it covers a recent block window, not all time. | | **See** | [guides/viewer-reads](../guides/viewer-reads.md) | #### ERC-721 metadata | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'nftImage' + Erc721/NftImageResolver | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | render an NFT's on-chain art/metadata from its tokenURI | | **See** | [guides/nft-collection-frontend](../guides/nft-collection-frontend.md) | #### Generic view read (CallResolver) | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'staticread' → CallResolver | | **Arguments** | target, callData, returnType, format | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | READ ANY view function on ANY contract (the developer's own contract) — the most important reader for custom backends | | **Example** | read totalSupply()/mintPrice()/balanceOf(addr) on a custom ERC-721 | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### Multi-call read | | | |---|---| | **How** | MultiCallResolver (join/sum/reduce) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | combine several view reads into one value/list | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### Computed read | | | |---|---| | **How** | ComputeResolver | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a derived value from a small on-chain computation over reads | | **See** | [reference/data-sources](../reference/data-sources.md) | #### Event reads / live regions | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot marked live (DataBinder) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a value that re-reads each block (a ticking counter, a live rate) | | **See** | [guides/live-data-and-events](../guides/live-data-and-events.md) | ### Identity / ENS #### ENS name | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'ensName' | | **Arguments** | node:bytes32 (namehash) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | reverse-resolve an address to its ENS name (forward-verified, anti-spoof) | | **See** | [guides/ens-integration](../guides/ens-integration.md) | #### ENS text record | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'ensText' | | **Arguments** | node:bytes32, key:string | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | read an ENS text record (avatar, url, description) | | **See** | [guides/ens-integration](../guides/ens-integration.md) | #### ENS address | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'ensAddr' | | **Arguments** | node:bytes32 | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | resolve an ENS name to its address | #### ENS v2 (CCIP/offchain-aware) | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'ensV2' | | **Arguments** | dnsName:bytes, call:bytes | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | universal-resolver path; offchain records surface as 'off-chain (CCIP)' | #### ENS profile (identicon/avatar) | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'gidenticon' (on-chain identicon). An ENS avatar is an off-chain pointer: read the `avatar` text record with 'enstext', and any image fetched from it is CLIENT_FETCH | | **Grade** | A (identicon) / C (fetched avatar) | | **Use when** | a profile picture — on-chain identicon (A) or ENS avatar (needs CLIENT_FETCH → C) | #### ENS app manifest | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'ensApp' (ENS text key chainrender.app) | | **Arguments** | node:bytes32 (ENS namehash) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | read a name app-manifest text key (chainrender.app) and render/launch the on-chain app it names — ENS as the naming layer for ChainRender apps (dogfood chainrender.eth); works wherever ENS text resolves | | **See** | [guides/ens-integration](../guides/ens-integration.md) | #### ENSIP-19 multichain primary name | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'ensNameChain' (per-coinType verified reverse) | | **Arguments** | who:address, coinType:uint256 (ENSIP-11: 0x80000000 \| chainId; mainnet=60) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | the primary ENS name an address resolves to ON A GIVEN CHAIN (chain-aware identity), forward-verified addr(node,coinType)==who. Renders a live name only where an ENSIP-19 reverse registrar for that coinType is populated | | **See** | [guides/ens-integration](../guides/ens-integration.md) | ### Privacy / credentials #### Selective-disclosure credential | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'credential' | | **Arguments** | statementId:bytes32, a/b/c (Groth16 proof), pub:uint256[] | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | prove membership of a set (allowlist/DAO) WITHOUT revealing which member; a valid proof renders the checkmarked statement, a bad one renders 'Unverified' | | **See** | [concepts/privacy](../concepts/privacy.md) | #### Bound single-use credential | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'credential-bound' + NullifierRegistry | | **Arguments** | statementId, proof, pub:uint256[4] | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a non-transferable, single-use credential (nullifier prevents replay; consuming it is a separate WRITE) | | **See** | [concepts/privacy](../concepts/privacy.md) | ### Privacy / attestation #### Attested identity claim (EAS) | | | |---|---| | **How** | slot bind 'identityVerified' / 'identityClaim' | | **Arguments** | subject:address, schema:bytes32, uid:bytes32 | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | render 'subject holds attestation X from attester Y' via EAS | | **See** | [concepts/privacy](../concepts/privacy.md) | ### Visual / on-chain art #### Generative art | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'genart' | | **Arguments** | seed | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | deterministic on-chain generative SVG art from a seed | | **See** | [concepts/visual-media](../concepts/visual-media.md) | #### Gradient identicon | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'gidenticon' | | **Arguments** | account | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a unique on-chain identicon/logo for an address | | **See** | [concepts/visual-media](../concepts/visual-media.md) | #### Vector art | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'vecart' | | **Arguments** | seed | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | high-fidelity on-chain vector art | | **See** | [concepts/visual-media](../concepts/visual-media.md) | #### SDF 2D/3D scene | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'sdfscene' (provenance computed or computed-gpu) | | **Arguments** | seed | | **Grade** | A (poster) / ⚙ (GPU) | | **Use when** | signed-distance-field geometry; on-chain poster floor + optional GPU ray-march enhancement | | **See** | [guides/building-a-scene](../guides/building-a-scene.md) | #### Point cloud | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind pointcloud | | **Grade** | A (poster) / ⚙ (WebGL) | | **Use when** | point-based scene; on-chain poster + WebGL enhancement | | **See** | [concepts/advanced-scenes](../concepts/advanced-scenes.md) | #### On-chain cartography | | | |---|---| | **How** | geoatlas renderer | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a fully on-chain world map (Real-Earth atlas, equirectangular) | | **See** | [concepts/visual-media](../concepts/visual-media.md) | ### Visual / rich media #### p5.js / three.js interactive | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind 'p5'/'three' scene binding (libHash + seed + entry) | | **Grade** | ⚙ | | **Use when** | a playable/interactive sketch (game, physics toy, dataviz); library + sketch stored on-chain, runs client-side over a poster floor, fails closed. Requires GPU_EXECUTE + a poster floor. | | **See** | [concepts/rich-media-p5-three](../concepts/rich-media-p5-three.md) | ### Visual / effects #### Post-processing effects | | | |---|---| | **How** | EffectPresetRegistry (CRT/glass/vignette/scanlines/grain) | | **Grade** | A (SVG-filter floor) | | **Use when** | stack visual effects over a scene; each has an on-chain SVG-filter floor | | **See** | [guides/applying-effects](../guides/applying-effects.md) | #### Declarative SVG animation | | | |---|---| | **How** | SvgAnim (TIME-driven) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | declarative animation (no script loop) | | **See** | [concepts/visual-media](../concepts/visual-media.md) | ### Visual / media #### On-chain NFT media + provenance | | | |---|---| | **How** | NftImageResolver / media provenance | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | render an NFT's on-chain media with verified provenance (off-chain pointers refused) | | **See** | [guides/nft-collection-frontend](../guides/nft-collection-frontend.md) | ### Charts #### Chart (line/area/bar/scatter/pie/donut) | | | |---|---| | **How** | image bind chart + ChartSlotAdapter + IChartData source (chart.encodeChartSlotArgs); a Chainlink price history is authored from argValues (see "Chainlink history chart") | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a data chart, static or bound to a live on-chain source; fails closed to axes-only | | **See** | [guides/add-chart](../guides/add-chart.md) | ### Structure / UI #### Responsive layout | | | |---|---| | **How** | box layout {kind: stack\|grid\|flow, columns, breakpoints} | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | responsive grids/stacks/flow with container-query breakpoints | | **See** | [concepts/render-pipeline](../concepts/render-pipeline.md) | #### Multi-view app | | | |---|---| | **How** | buildTabs / buildWizard / buildMasterDetail / buildModal (compile views → combine) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | in-app navigation: tabs, ordered wizard, list→detail, or a modal overlay; reachability enforced (no stranded views) | | **Example** | buildTabs([quoteHash, venuesHash, routeHash], {shell}) | | **See** | [guides/multi-view-app](../guides/multi-view-app.md) | #### Data table | | | |---|---| | **How** | TableRenderer (static/bound/paginated) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | a semantic table; rows can be pulled live from an ITableSource; paginated for large sets | | **See** | [reference/feature-catalog](../reference/feature-catalog.md) | #### Interactive controls | | | |---|---| | **How** | ControlRenderer (toggle/select/slider/search) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | controls that bind to a display PARAMETER (never a consequence); interaction adds no capability | | **See** | [reference/feature-catalog](../reference/feature-catalog.md) | #### Source-code component | | | |---|---| | **How** | SourceRenderer + SourceStore | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | display on-chain source, line-numbered + escaped (adversarial source can't break out) | ### Actions / write #### Declared action (button) | | | |---|---| | **How** | button action {to, sig, value?, args} | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | any state-changing call (mint/claim/swap/transfer) — the runtime constructs EXACTLY the declared calldata; the button can't call anything else or smuggle value | | **Example** | button action={to:0xNFT, sig:'mint(uint256)', value:'0x...', args:'$qty'} | | **See** | [guides/declare-action](../guides/declare-action.md) | #### Batched action | | | |---|---| | **How** | batch of declared actions | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | one signature, N gated calls; each member must be in the bound interface (no smuggling) | | **See** | [guides/declare-action](../guides/declare-action.md) | #### Funds held by a rule (escrow) | | | |---|---| | **How** | your own escrow contract in the GoalEscrow shape (per-item parameters, pull payments, outcome from on-chain facts only) | | **Arguments** | create(...); contribute(id) payable; payOut(id); refund(id) | | **Grade** | A (custody and release enforced by your contract); anything decided off-chain must name who attests it | | **Use when** | hold funds until a rule releases them. The settlement framework (SettlementChannel, LoanChannel, AgreementRegistry) is built but NOT deployed — check Deployed Addresses | | **Example** | GoalEscrow: all-or-nothing fundraising with refunds | | **See** | [guides/payments-escrow-settlement](../guides/payments-escrow-settlement.md) | ### Actions / sign #### Typed signing (EIP-712) | | | |---|---| | **How** | declared sign action | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | gather an EIP-712 signature (permits, votes, orders); chainId-checked. The message is signed exactly as written: no `$name` inputs, literal values that fit their types (review rule sign-message) | | **See** | [guides/wallet-and-signing](../guides/wallet-and-signing.md) | ### Actions / verify #### Signature verification (1271/6492) | | | |---|---| | **How** | SignatureVerifier (bind 'verifysig') | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | verify a signature on-chain, incl. smart-account (ERC-1271) and pre-deploy (6492) | ### Composition #### Mini-app / composition | | | |---|---| | **How** | CompositionRouter + ref nodes (sockets) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | compose multiple components/scenes into one app; capability envelope is the UNION of children (no escalation) | | **See** | [concepts/composition](../concepts/composition.md) | #### App DNA / forking | | | |---|---| | **How** | AppRegistry / CompositionRegistry lineage | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | fork an app manifest or a composition; the parent is recorded on-chain (traceable lineage). A single component has no parent record: the builder's Fork (builder/?fork=&chain=) reopens it and any change deploys as a new component | | **See** | [concepts/composition](../concepts/composition.md) | #### Farcaster mini-app | | | |---|---| | **How** | miniapp adapter (buildManifest/buildEmbed) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | package an app as a Farcaster mini-app / Frame | | **See** | [guides/farcaster-miniapp](../guides/farcaster-miniapp.md) | ### Presentation / theming #### Design tokens + theming | | | |---|---| | **How** | ThemeTokens (defaultTokens/darkDefaults/highContrastDefaults) → CSS | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | theme an app; render-time (zero gas, no redeploy); light/dark/high-contrast; contrast invariants enforced | | **See** | [guides/authoring-themes](../guides/authoring-themes.md) | ### Naming / ENS subnames #### Register a subname (open floor) | | | |---|---| | **How** | action → SubnameStakeRegistrarV2.register(label, componentHash) payable(stake) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | claim myapp.chainrender.eth anonymously — permissionless, gated only by a REFUNDABLE anti-spam stake; label must pass the on-chain charset gate (lowercase a-z0-9-, no confusables) | | **See** | [guides/registering-a-name](../guides/registering-a-name.md) | #### Register verified (own the ENS name) | | | |---|---| | **How** | action → registerVerified(label, componentHash, ensNode) | | **Grade** | A | | **Use when** | claim label VERIFIED — enforces you own